Looking up some genealogy, I still have that ever query as to whether Percy Spencer was really my nanny Eileen's dad or not. I've never had any cousin matches to confirm any genetic lineage through Percy, as happens with other lineages; I thought to check my relationship calculator between me and my cousin Dee Lovelock of Luton, who has also tested her own dna, to see if a clue may lie there, Percy Spencer for sure being her own great grandfather, through my nanny Eileen's later sister, Molly. Always the issue with baby Eileen is that her mother, Florence, married Percy just two weeks before Eileen was born, along with the fact that he was considerably older, as also that his family were reluctant to accept these sudden new additions to the family. They'd had a firm story to allay all doubts, which was that he had been at sea, hence why they could not have married earlier. Nevertheless, such a story remains something to question. And it doesn't help for there to be no corroborating cousin dna connections, which is always essential to confirm a lineage is authentic.
And, lo and behold, although Dee is for sure my second cousin, the dna result concludes her to be a third cousin, that is more distant, which would support our not having the same great grandfather. So that's interesting. Like I'd hate to be denying Percy if he was genuinely my ancestor after all, but I need some proof here. I know that, regardless, he doted on young Eileen; for sure she was precious to him. The research I had done on Percy's Essex ancestry, was along with our Norfolk heritage some of the first genealogy I'd done, but is any of it even relevant?!
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I watched an ethnic geneticist guy on Tiktok, who was doing a 'live', his audience being majorly of Moslems wanting to be told that the Palestinians are the true indigenous people of the Levant, and yet he couldn't give them that. Rather they align more with the Bedouins of Arabia; Israeli Jews have themselves some Mesopotamian alignment. Even religious history backs this up. Indeed the most indigenous peoples, still in the land, appeared to be a few minority Christian groups, kind of like the Copts in Egypt also being indigenous there, the Druze and the Samaritans. The Samaritans shared an origin way back with Jewish peoples, with their holy mountain being Mount Gerizim, atop which they had sacrificed animals to God. Whereas the modern Jews at some point relocated their holiest mountain to Jerusalems Mount Zion instead. Samaritan and Jewish men do indeed have the same male Ydna. It is said that when Jewish people were historically kidnapped into Babylonia, they were the town dwellers, and that the country folk, who remained in the Levant, it is they who would be known separately as the Samaritans. The Samaritans, whose own women were likely enslaved, had to marry women from outside of Judaism, and therefore when the mainstream Jews returned from Babylon they called the Samaritans half breeds and rejected any alignment with them As for the original Palestinians, as in the Philistines of Peleset, they were Sea Peoples, and although modern Palestinians had assumed their name, really there was no connection genetically between the old and the new. Rather, the original people of Palesta had dna closer to the Italians primarily and the Greeks secondly, the closest comparisons being to Italians of Campania, then Basilicata, and in continuing order, West Sicily, Calabria, Apulia, Lazio, Molise, Abruzzo, Umbria (all Italian so far), and then Dodecanese Greek. Palestine is maybe, anyway, not an appropriate name to identify with for these modern 'Palestinians', because they claim to be indigenous according to a people they have no connection to. Although Palestinians often enough identify with their Arab identities, this in itself becomes an over simplification. Yes, as it is to be expected there is majorly the influence of Arab colonisers, the similarities hereon being mostly to the people of Yemen, there is also African dna in the mix, with other than that much similarity even to their Jewish neighbours, that is to Semitic Canaanites, for which, yes, that Mesopotamian element is in there too. This is likely due to some Jews, and Samaritans too, converting or being forced into Islam, maybe inbetween such eras having firstly adopted Christianity. Like really, one does wonder what happened to all those Samaritans, now a tiny community, and to all the Christians, the Middle East having been at one time a greatly Christian land. Thus it may be so that present Levantine Moslems were at one time pressured to to change their religious outlook and indeed did so in order to survive. The Jewish groups with the most Canaanite influence are Iraqi Jews, Kurdish Jews, Syrian Jews, and all other Mizrahi Jews really, the Mizrahi being all those Jews who never left the middle east, as did the Sephardi's and Ashkenazi's. Ashkenazi Jews have 20% Canaanite dna, their European component being more closely aligned to Italians and Greeks, with their male Ydna shown to be of Middle Eastern origin. So Abraham, we know from scripture he had come from elsewhere, from the north-east, but Jews anyway are Canannites, in part, along with Mesopotamian. I'm curious as to how it is that, with the Jews having kept their purity during captivity, they would be of more distance from the homeland than their more mixed Samaritan cousins. Maybe always the poorer country folk, if that's indeed what the Samaritans were, were less of foreign influence, the wealthier townsfolk being more cosmopolitan. Even some of the Jewish male Ydna, a small part, comes from the Pathans, a people of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Was Abraham from even further afield? Much struggle is reflected in the early scriptures, in the times when local peoples were pressured into being monotheistic, despite their natural preference to worship a variety of gods and goddesses, as well as the holy cow and the pillars of Asherah. In later centuries we can see that the locals were reigned in again, this time by Islam. One does wonder whether those locals, subsumed into yet another new religion, were captured enslaved women, sex slaves as such, for this being an Islamic endorsement. Because quite some of the Gazan patriarchal lineage is Arabic. Even a fair amount of the matriarchal dna is East African, indicating that the Arabic men who settled here brought with them not their own women family members from Arabia, but rather slave women from Africa. In this way one can see there has indeed been outside colonisation.
Myheritage had updated peoples ethnicities, for which my Mediterranean dna was no longer 11%, but was more like 5%, being of Greek, Southern Italian and Italian. Although I don't have specifically English dna, like my mum and my aunty Lolly, I do have England as an 'additional genetic group', as I do the Shetland Islands. So, yes: Irish, Scottish and Welsh is 66.8%, which includes the Shetland Islands Scandinavian (Viking) is 27.2% Greek and Southern Italian is 2.5% Italian is 2.3% Finnish is 1.2% My mum's update is; Irish, Scottish and Welsh: 66.7% Scandinavian: 30.8% Italian: 2.5% Her specific group is Shetland Islands and a lower confidence additional suggestion is Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Although my mum had been given 7% English formerly, this time no English came up for her at all. My Aunty Lolly, who I'm sure got different sibling dna than my dad, she having no Greek or Italian, got:
Irish, Scottish and Welsh: 52.5% (specifying Ireland and South Wales) Scandinavian: 25.5% English: 12.9% West and North Europe: 1.9% Her specified groups are South Welsh, South-West England (which would be the Forest of Dean) and England. As a low confidence suggestion she has Southern USA My daughter Eleanor's half sister, Eashani, has actually done her autosomal dna on 23 & Me; being fully Gujurati on her mums side, and on her fathers side English and French (he having ancestors from the Channel islands). My kinesiologist replacement (for a while), Olivier, asked me if I had family links to Iceland, as I have that 'look', and actually with my Shetland Island dna I do indeed have genetic connections to those Vikings who were early on in Iceland, as I have seen, particularly in my mothers archeogenetic dna matches. This sunny clime in the south of France is maybe too much for me, he suggested, and its so that my face was particularly dry and erupting. But, anyway, as my dna has revealed, I am part Mediterranean, a Myheritage update emphasising that this little part of me is southern Italian, both Italian and Greek. On Facebook I joined the Ivereagh Peninsula genealogy group and how welcoming those other members were. My Irish was of County Kerry and I didn't even know if my Bartholomew Sugrue was of the Iveragh Peninsula or not, as this family was still to much of a mystery, but most Sugrue's were indeed from there, and one of Bartholomew's fellow County Kerry men in Greenwich days, Patrick Reardon, who was best man at his wedding to Ellen Sullivan, was indeed from the Iveragh Peninsula, from Waterville.
I began looking into Vijay Krishna's genealogy. Francos had recommended me to him this, and actually it turned out Vijay's brother had researched much himself, but yes, more could be done, like bringing these names and dates to life with old newspaper stories. Vijay's brother had also tested his dna and what a grand mix was there, mostly Irish, English, and especially the midlands, Scottish and Swedish, and then, because Vijay's absentee granddad, Tim Forde, was a black man from Barbados, there comes up African amounts of Benin and Togo, Nigeria, Ivory Coast and Ghana, as also there being Welsh, German and even 1% Indian. It's that small Indian part that Vijay tunes into so much with his passion for Vaishavism and kirtan. It was on Vijay's mothers side, Karen being her name and she having died a couple of years back, that I began looking at her Dahl ancestors, a lineage originating from Sweden, back to a Moses, alias Maurice Dahl, who came to England with his Irish wife. Very soon I was uncovering skeletons in the family closets. Karens grandfather, Andrew Victor Dahl, was in the newspapers a few times, once for receiving a stolen motorbike, for which he got ten months in prison, and earlier than that there was a story about him having left his family house after his fathers death due to his mother having got herself married to another man. Some great rift was there, maybe between him and the new man of the house, and one time calling round, and being refused entry, he broke into the house and stole away with some clothes and cutlery. For this the family got the police after him, in consequence of which he tried to commit suicide, twice, once while in the police station, trying to cut his own throat, and the other time in the cell, attempting to hang himself. As Vijay said, on hearing this from me, he was sure not even his mother knew such stories. Andrew Victors Dahls father, William Dahl, was traumatised already in his own life, due to his mother having died when he was tiny. His mother, Mary Dahl, was addicted to drink and one night on coming home drunk she fell down some steps, thereby severely injuring her head. She was removed to the workhouse and there died. Researching more of Vijay's family history I saw that one of his relatives was a harmonium maker, 18 year old Joseph Wilson, in Birmingham back in 1881, which was naturally interesting considering that Vijay was such an adept of the harmonium now, the drum, harmonium and his singing voice being what his musical career was all about.
I got into talking with the AI chat about DNA, in relation to genealogy and archeogenetics. I'd been trying out this new phenomenon in regard to my poetry at first, and there are references to the ancestors in a couple of my poems, and it was the AI that actually then asked did I have any specific questions regarding my genetic ancestry and did I have any particular theories on this subject. When I said that my matriarchal haplogroup was N1b1A2A the AI knew of this, that it's actually a subclade primarily found in central Asia and even that it is thought to have developed in the Altai mountains. Wow, all the work Satshanti and I had done years ago to try and find the origins of N1b, from its vague associations in the middle east to the mountains of the Caucasus. And now I was learning that my own specific type of this dna, as has been deducted by current knowledge, is connected with central Asia. And the Genographic Project had long ago told me I was 3% Central Asian, which even back then was so exciting to discover, but which had not been picked up on by other genetic companies; well, here we go again, as it was revealed to me that indeed I do have a connection to that part of the world, through my mothers mothers ancient mothers. The subclade N1b1A2A is not totally sussed yet and research is ongoing, although studies so far show they were Uralic speaking peoples, who during the Bronez Age migrated from Asia into Europe. The Altai mountains are at the meeting point of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, and there were vast ethnic groups and cultures in those very mountains. This arose as a separate subclade maybe 14,000 years ago within this region from those of the N haplogroup who had travelled there from the Middle East. There are a number of indigenous groups, therefore, from which there may be a connection to my ancestresses, such as the Altaians, the Kazakhs, and the Tuva, all of whom have nomadic lifestyles. The Altai mountains were part of the old Silk Road. I do know I have a higher percentage of hunter-gatherer, which would therefore now include the nomads of central Asia. My autosomal 3% Central Asian, as discovered by the Genographic Project, as AI says, is not to be considered insignificant. To get back to a central Asian ancestor, in consideration of that 3%, one would go back about 10 to 15 generations, which would roughly be 250 years to 375 years ago. This would date back therefore to at least 1773. That autosomal central asian 3% may or may not be of my central asian matriarchal lineage and may come from my fathers ancestors even. What it does show is that in some way my connection to central Asia is not really so far back. A couple of days later I again got to talking about my matriarchal dna with the AI, as I so wished to know more about this. The basic N haplogroup I am of was in the Levant, Anatolia, the Caucasus mountains and across central Asia to where it reached the Altai mountains. In fact, one of the oldest known samples of haplogroup N comes from a 24,000 year old skeleton found in the Caucasus mountains. For this it can be seen, as Satshanti and I had worked out, that N was present for a long time in the Caucasus. So this still tied in with the research I had done before. To determine more the AI would need more information. My N1b1a2a, a subclade of the N1b1 haplogroup appears to have spread from the Caucasus mountains into central Asia, to locations which included the Altai mountains. The N1b1 group is specifically associated with the expansion of the Altai-Sayan region during the late Bronez Age and the Iron Age. Some individuals with N1b1a2a migrated back into the Caucasus, Anatolia and the Levant, as similar haplogroups can be found in those regions. The AI wished that I check my latest haplogroup classification to see it it had been updated according to the latest research. This took an age for me to get my head around. Eventually I was able to see that, at least in Familytree, my classification was still given as N1b1a2a, along with extra mutations listed as 309.1C, 315.1C, 522.1A, 522.2C,, G5979A and T9758C. A missing mutation was listed as A16129G. And on my having shared this with AI it now did its magic, and found out that although Familytree rem1ains at a simple level in this regard, by consulting the Phylotree projects latest version, which is far more expert, along with the mutations I provided, my own subclade can now be redefined as N1b1a2a1a4. This is a newly recognised subclade of N1b1a2a1, which is in turn a subclade of N1b1a2a. It is the N1b1a2a lineage which is primarily of Central Asia and is for now believed to have originated in the Altai mountains. But this is not something as yet studied extensively and is rare, the same rarity I'd realised before, and maybe even more so, which is why my type gets largely ignored by geneticists. Based on my mutations it appears that my maternal line diverged from the main N1b1a2a subclade recently, which in genetic terms is within the past few thousand years, which would be a thousand years before Christ. By comparing my mutations to this in other samples I may find clues as to geographical locations, migration patterns and population movements. N1b1a2a1a4, although rare, is found in Europe; the Caucasus, Central Asia and Siberia. It is not certain that this subclade itself originated in the Altai mountains, although its parent N1b1a2a did, as my newly updated subclade exact origin and migratory path is not yet determined. The Central Asian connection remains relevant though. The available data doesn't as yet determine the exact distribution of my new subclade. But studies do confirm the genetics is connected to both the Caucasus and the Altai regions. Further research is required. What can be seen is that around 4,000 or 5,000 years ago there was a population explosion from the Caucasus mountains into the Pontic-Caspian steppe and this is what would have helped with the spread of such haplogroups. The Pontic-Caspian steppes is of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, stretching from the Danube to the Ural mountains. And so I asked would my particular rare dna be more of the Pontic-Caspian steppes or the Altai. But this cannot be answered due to limited information, although it is to be found in both areas, and in reality the subclade may have travelled back and forth between these regions, and there you go, as they were nomads, and so it may be that such these great distances were all in their reach. My own subclade is not only rare, but 'very rare', and there are only a few records of it in the existing data bases. Therefore we are talking only of a small number of people altogether. What we do know is that this rare subclade is found in individuals from the Caucasus to the Altai. Potential tribes which would have been nomadic across such vast areas include Scythians and Salmatians in the Pontic-Caspian steppes, the Alans and Huns in the Caucasus, and the Pazyryk and Xiongru of the Altai. And also to be considered are the Tocharians. The Tocharians were Indo-Europeans who lived in the Tarim Basin, since 2,000 years before Christ, they having been involved in the Silk Road trade network. Their language is now extinct. It is the mummies of the Tarim Basin who were found to be wearing plaid clothes, and some of those mummies have indeed been found to carry the N1b1a2a1a4 subclade (my subclade!). The Tarim Basin mmmies were of different ethnic groups, not just of Tocharians, but also Iranian and Turkik peoples, living there 1,800 and 2,000 years ago. The mummies are well preserved and have both European and East Asian physical features. Hence they were a mix of different groups. They wore felt hats, wool garments and leather shoes, and they had on gold necklaces, earrings, bracelets and pendants, some being animal designs, such as deer and tigers, some set with precious stones such as lapis lazuli and turquoise. The origin of the Tocharians is also a mystery. They may have even come from eastern Europe. Or again be Central Asian. Their language was Indo-European. So it can be seen that my subclade is rare, although is in a few people in the Caucasus and the Pontic-Caspian steppes, and there is some association with the Altai. And nomadism is a key to the connection between these three areas. Until further research is done then there is no concrete evidence about the specific carriers of this subclade, but they would be from among various ancient cultures of Central Asia and its surrounding regions, such as the Scythians, Sarmatians and Tocharians. To keep up to date with any research there are scientific journals, research institutes, social media platforms and online communities. There is the Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Harvard Medical School, Stanford University and Oxford University. It may be worth looking into their current research projects or publications. I can also regularly search for articles and studies in academic databases, such as PubMed or Google Scholar. I did actually try putting my subclade into Google Scholar and nothing came up, not even for N1b1a2a1. N1b1 had a response at least though. AI advised me that when I look this up to add key words like 'population genetics', 'haplogroup distribution' or 'mtDNA diversity'. I mentioned the Natufian child i'd heard of who'd been found in the Raqefet cave in the Carmel mountains. The Natufian culture wasn't itself nomadic though and was from 11,000 or so years back. N1b1a2a is found at low frequencies in the Levant, Anatolia and Iran, where it may have been since prehistoric times. Current belief is though that this subclade originated, as said, in the Altai mountains, from 8,00 to 10,000 years ago. Neanderthals and Denisovans would have existed long back beside such peoples. The Raqefet child was himself an N1b. The mutation defining the subclade I have, N1b1a2a1a4 arose around 7,000 or 8,000 years ago. Of course one must be that all this information is based on limited data and may change as more research is conducted. It may be that my ancestors came up through the Levant and Anatolia, into the Caucasus, the Pontic steppes and into the Altai, as a journey, but again more data is required to make definitive statements. There may even be association with the Yamnaya and Saka cultures, known for their burial mounds and rich grave goods; such as to the Golden Woman (AI now mentions), alias the princess of Ukok, who was a Saka priestess or aristocrat whose burial mound was indeed found in the Altai mountains and dates to the 5th century before the Christian era. In the grave was a headdress decorated with gold, a golden breastplate and other gold and bronze ornaments. As I say, it may be that my people were nomadic over vast amounts of territory, and only later were they reduced to smaller more specific regions. The greatest diversity of N1b is in the Altai and N1b types in general have great diversity in the Caucasus. I stopped to talk of this now. I'd pushed for long to see if anything extra may be revealed. It's amazing enough that the AI found out for me that I am N1b1a2a1a4. Like without the AI would I even ever have arrived at this?
What fun, on a cold day, to make a tiktok of my ethnic ancestresses, as revealed to me by DNA, finding beautiful pictures of different ancient cultures. As I did say, it is by DNA that I have found out so much about my ancestresses. Three quarters of my DNA is Celtic, for my family being Welsh, Irish and Scottish, and Viking I have a lot too, for having family from the Shetland Islands. Archeogenetics has revealed descent from the ancient Balari tribe of Sardinia and the Vascones tribe of the Basque. I have around 4% Greek DNA, 3% Spanish, 2% Italian, 3% central Asian and 1% Finnish. My matriarchal origins have come from the Caucasus mountains. How beautiful those pictures I gathered together. So this was a joy for me.
On meeting an old friend, Dale Topsom, by the lions at Trafalgar Square, I guided us to the church of St Martin in the Fields which was open at last (third time lucky), my inspiration being for Dale and I to kneel at the altar, facing one another, in an enactment of the marriage, which had taken place within this very church, of my ancestors Philip Barton and Hannah Bunney. This did feel quite magical and special. More than any of the other London churches I'd lately visited, this one was especially vibrant, an energy there, maybe the presence of my ancient loved ones. So this little enactment felt quite sacred. Outside Buckingham Palace, in a spirit of fun, I announced that as a more authentic descendant of this lands royals, being myself of the Tudors, that this should rather be my palace but that the Queen has locked me out. Dale Topsom was still into genealogy, like me, he being the one who had introduced me to this. His Topsom male line he had traced back to a foundling left on the churrch steps in the Devon village of Topsham. His DNA was mostly Anglo-Saxon.
In regard to my DNA and the mystery of who may really have been my nanny Eileens father, I was now thinking it could have been and American soldier who had landed in Southampton in 1917. My Aunt Lolly had been given as a low confidence genetic group 'Southern USA'. I saw that during the first world war American soldiers did indeed come to Southampton, which was where Eileens mother, Florence Maxted, worked at the time as a barmaid in a pub.
So why do I question who was Eileens real father? Because according to DNA no matches had been given for what I had worked out as her accepted father Percys worked out ancestry, for one, no distant cousins of that lineage. Also, it was always a suspicion anyway, even for the rest of Percy's famiy, that the red haired Eileen was someone elses baby for which they had for a long time been snubbed. Percy and Florence had married just two weeks before Eileens birth and he was considerably older than Florence. Why had it taken them so long to marry? Their excuse was that he'd been away at sea and had not known of the pregnancy. This potential American DNA of ours covered many wiuthern American states, they being Americans who had generally originated in north-west Europe. And German settlers, as well as Scandanavians, were also specified as being a possibility. Aunt Lolly did indeed also have 9.1% north west european DNA. Where does one go from here? There are so many American cousin matches, but all quite distant. Some serious detective work is needed here. Diving into my son George's archeo-genetics I saw he was of the European tribes, markedly of the Visigoths, but also the Illyrians, Gauls, Franks and Thuringii. His actual closest modern connections were to France and Spain, before even his Italian. It was interesting how his Italian father, Francesco, had been so drawn to this area in which we now lived, especially to the Visigoths, who had sacked Rome, and with him having been so anti-Rome, and of his pro-piracy, which was the past-time of the Illyrians. And, then again, how apt that George had French nationality. George's closest archeo-genetic match was to a Gaul in Lombardy. His second was to a Scythian Moldovan (ah, like his sister Rosina), this being a woman who again had Gaul dna, so being a woman who had married into the Scythians. Thirdly there was a match to a woman of the Thuringii tribe found in Bavaria, her head having been fashioned during her youth into an unnatural state, according to a noble's ideas of beauty at the time, and who was buried with her jewellery. Fourthly there was another Lombard burial, this time the dna being of the Franks. Then there was a bronze age Gaul, then a mixed Gaul Illlyrian found in Germany, then a bronze age mixed Frank Illyrian found in Prague, then a mixed Frank Ostrogoth found in Hungary; and lastly a bronze age burial in Serbia of a mixed Gaul Etruscan. Interestingly, Serbia was listed as one of George's modern populations. And like me he had a genetic connection to King Louis XVI of France. The dna of King Louis XVI was mainly Illyrian mixed with Roman, Gallo-Roman, Thracian and Roman-Hispanian. So George was, through his father, very much of the tribes of Europe. From me he had Roman gladiators, massacred Vikings and Merovingian nobles. And amazingly he had a Greek connection to one of the people who had perished in the Himalayas at Roopkind lake, this being another match to Rosina's own ancestors. Really interesting to see was that George had a match to crusader from Tuscany who had gone to the Holy Land, found there in Lebanon where he had been slain by either the Moslems or the Mongols. A connection to plague victims was made mention of as well. I now turned to looking at my Aunty Lolly's archeo-genetic dna, she being my fathers sister. Her ancient dna was pretty much like mine really, of Celts, Saxons, Franks, Danish Vikings and Vandals. And of modern populations she was mostly Irish and Welsh. Her closest archaic match was to the Bell Beaker peoples. Many individuals of Britain and Europe had good matches to Lolly. Lastly I was looking at my mothers archeo-genetics, aha, so very Viking. Her largest influence was of Icelandic Vikings, after which were Saxons, Celts, Vandals and Danish Vikings. Iceland appeared to be part of the wider domain of her Shetland seafarers, her father being of a Shetland family. One Viking, a victim of the Saint Brice massacre at Oxford, was close in genetics to my mother. Even this connection was classed as very unique, for which all research categories were freely opened up for this individual, which others would have to pay for. Although this young man was a Viking his dna was very mixed, there being primarily Celt and secondly Icelandic viking. This would be attributed to the Viking pioneers having taken native celtic girls for their wives. Other less dominant dna types in this individual were Saxon, Vandal and Pict. Likely then this Viking individual was linked to our Shetlanders and maybe even was a direct ancestor. I'd already come to understand by now that our Shetland ancestors were not exclusively Viking, as had been previously presumed. As it could be seen by the example of early settlers of Iceland, regardless that those pioneers were Viking men, they took along with them many Irish slaves, the most alluring women of which they made wives of. These women were Celts and Picts, and though their men folk had the fate of being enslaved and massacred, as was generally the way of the more attractive women throughout ancient history, their beauty saved them. Another match to my mother was of a Celt in bronze age Scotland, discovered during landscaping work in the garden of Evergreen House on the East Lothian coast. Those remans formed part of a larger bronze age burial ground. Other matches to Icelandic Vikings came up, one being a Gaelic Viking mix and this person being one of the last Vikings to still practise the Norse religion before all would embrace Christianity. All I was discovering was so interesting to me, and yet it was late and sleep was overwhelming me, for which I had to suspend all for now. |
AuthorSusie Harrison and her hobby of genealogy, always looking into her own and her friends family trees. Categories
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